Compete Clauses In Employment Contracts

Alchemy :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Speculative chemistry The science by help of which the substance thinkers of medieval occasions endeavored to transmute the baser metals into gold or silver. There is significant difference of feeling with regards to the historical background of the word, however it would appear to be gotten from the Arabic al=the, and kimya=chemistry, which thusly gets from the late Greek chemica=chemistry, from chumeia=a blending, or cheein, 'to spill out' or 'blend', Aryan root ghu, to pour, whence the word 'spout'. Mr. A. Wallis Budge in his Egyptian Magic, in any case, expresses that it is conceivable that it might be gotten from the Egyptian word khemeia, in other words 'the arrangement of the dark metal', or 'powder', which was viewed as the dynamic rule in the transmutation of metals. To this name the Arabs appended the article 'al', subsequently giving al-khemeia, or speculative chemistry. HISTORY OF ALCHEMY: From an early period the Egyptians had the notoriety of being capable specialists in metals and, as per Greek essayists, they were acquainted with their transmutation, utilizing mercury during the time spent isolating gold and silver from the local lattice. The subsequent oxide should have great forces, and it was felt that there lived inside in the distinctions of the different metals, that in it their different substances were consolidated. This dark powder was mysteriously related to the black market type of the god Osiris, and thus was credited with enchanted properties. Therefore there experienced childhood in Egypt the conviction that enchanted forces existed in motions and compounds. Most likely such a conviction existed all through Europe regarding the bronze-working standings of its few races. Its was likely in the Byzantium of the fourth century, in any case, that catalytic science got early stage structure. There is little uncertainty that Egyptian conv ention, sifting through Alexandrian Hellenic sources was the establishment whereupon the newborn child science was fabricated, and this is borne out by the condition that the workmanship was ascribed to Hermes Trismegistus and expected to be contained completely in his works. The Arabs, after their triumph of Egypt in the seventh century, carried on the investigates of the Alexandrian school, and through their instrumentality the workmanship was brought to Morocco and in this manner in the eighth century to Spain, where it thrived exceedingly. In fact, Spain from the ninth to the eleventh century turned into the archive of catalytic science, and the schools of Seville, Cordova and Granada were the focuses from which this science emanated all through Europe.

The Difference Between an Addiction and a Compulsion

The Difference Between an Addiction and a Compulsion Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print The Difference Between an Addiction and a Compulsion By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 27, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on January 27, 2020 Peter Dazeley / Photographers Choice / Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Key Differences Pleasure Reality Why All the Confusion? View All Back To Top Sometimes people use the words addiction and compulsion  interchangeably. However, they are not actually the same thing.?? What is the difference between the two? Defining Addiction and Compulsion Addiction is a broad term,?? which is used to describe an entire process by which people become dependent on a particular substance or behavior in order to cope with life. This dependence becomes so important to the individual that they will persist in using the substance or engaging in the behavior, even when it is harmful to themselves, their family and other important areas of their life. In contrast, compulsion?? is a quite narrow term, which is used to describe the intense urge to do something, which can sometimes lead to a behavior, but does not always. Compulsions are a small but important part of the addictive process and are also a major part of obsessive-compulsive disorder. How are addiction and compulsion related? As an addiction develops, it begins to involve the desire or  compulsion to take an addictive substance, such as alcohol or heroin, or to carry out an addictive behavior, such as gambling or sex, but it also involves other processes. The Key Differences There are two main differences between addiction and compulsion. They include: 1. Pleasure A compulsion, at least as it is experienced in obsessive-compulsive disorder, does not include the experience of pleasure, whereas an addiction does. While people who have addictions suffer all manner of discomfort, the desire to use the substance or engage in the behavior is based on the expectation that it will be pleasurable. In contrast, someone who experiences a compulsion as part of obsessive-compulsive disorder may not get any pleasure from the behavior he carries out. Often, it is a way of dealing with the obsessive part of the disorder, resulting in a feeling of relief. This can get a little confusing because there often comes a point for people with addictions where they don’t really enjoy the addictive behavior, and they are just seeking relief from the urge to use or engage in the behavior. This is compounded by the experience of withdrawal that often happens when they stop taking the substance or engaging in the behavior. Although this can look like obsessive-compulsive behavior because the pleasure is gone, the original motivation to engage in the behavior was to feel good.?? 2. Reality Another major distinction between an addiction and a compulsion has to do with the individual’s awareness of reality. When people have obsessive-compulsive disorder,?? they are usually aware that their obsession is not real. They are often disturbed by feeling the need to carry out a behavior that defies logic, yet they do it anyway to relieve their anxiety. In contrast,?? people with addictions are often quite detached from the senselessness of their actions, feeling that they are just having a good time and that other concerns aren’t that important. This is often known as denial because the addicted person denies that his use or behavior is a problem. Often it is not until a major consequence  occurs such as a spouse leaving, a drunk-driving accident, or a job loss, that they are faced with the reality of their addiction. Why All the Confusion? Addiction and compulsion are both terms that have entered our everyday language.?? Like many words that are in common use, they may be misused and misunderstood. This causes confusion for everyone, especially those suffering from addictions and compulsions, but also for professionals trying to help. Often, people use these terms interchangeably without thinking about the distinctions between them.

Emma s Self Propelled Downfall - 921 Words

Emma’s Self-propelled Downfall Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, is the story of Emma, a naà ¯ve girl who dreams of having a life, bigger than the one she can ever achieve. Flaubert throughout the story depicts average members of society with all their faults. Greed, lust, deceit, and incompetence are the stock in trade of all his characters. The story has no heroes, only losers and fools who waste their unfulfilled lives. Emma schooled in a convent is desperate to feel the excitement of real love as she imagines it to be. Emma is married to Charles Bovary, the first man she ever really knows. Charles is the classic underachiever whose shortcomings plague Emma throughout their marriage. Charles will never have the position, money, success, or class status she so desperately desires. Marriage, a child, and respectability cannot assuage her disappointment in herself and her life. She finds solace and excitement in things she cannot afford and men she cannot resist. Emma has no one to blame but herself for all her failings. Her ego and sense of entitlement overrides her common sense and allows her to borrow money that she will never be able to repay. Like an addict without self-control, she continues borrow money and have affairs that never really satisfy her. She hates herself for her deceptions and constantly fears exposure. Her life becomes a downward spiral of lies and shame that eventually ends in the coward’s solution of suicide. Emma’s story begins with CharlesShow MoreRelatedEmma Roberts. Profesor Veach . English Composition I. January1031 Words   |  5 PagesEmma Roberts Profesor Veach English Composition I January 19th, 2017 Defiled â€Å"Do not turn to mediums or seek out spiritists, for you will be defiled by them,† are words from Leviticus 19:31 (NIV). They are very applicable through the course of a famous 1606 tragedy named, Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. The main character, a Scottish general named Macbeth, receives prophecies from a trio of witches that one day he will become the mighty King of Scotland. These witches, also know as the â€Å"weird

Entrepreneurial Finance Assignment 1 - 2511 Words

Entrepreneurial finance assignment 1 Problem 4.4. Introduction The CAPM model can be used to analyze the performance of a portfolio of investments. The model should be calculated by comparing the return of assets (Ri) minus the return of risk-free cash (Rf) of the fund against those numbers of a known index with historical data (Rm). With least-squares regression, a straight line has to be drawn through the points to finish the model. Alpha represents the point where the graph starts and beta the slope of the regression line. Alpha is the number that represents the fact of how well the fund did against the CAPM model. A positive alpha means the fund did better than CAPM predicted and negative the opposite. R ² represents the ‘fit’†¦show more content†¦This results in an adjusted regression equation defined as: Because the model used to calculate the regression does not entail the stale value problem, we consider the concern of Bonnie as valid. (c) Chris thinks that this model does not properly adjust for the high probability of failure for VC investments. This concern is invalid. The unexpected portion of the return (and thereby referring to the higher risk) is represented by alpha. A higher alpha means that the portfolio performance was better than the original CAPM model. A lower alpha means that the performance was worse. (d) Dave thinks that this model does not properly adjust for the illiquidity of VC investments. This concern is valid. Dave refers to one of the other three interpretation problems of CAPM results; liquidity risk. Investors may require a premium for illiquid investments. They refer to it that investments that are illiquid are more risky. The model presented by the management team does not take this risk into account. To overcome this, the management team should use the Pastor-Stambaugh model (adjustment 2 of the CAPM model) which takes the size (of the company), value (growth prospects) and liquidity risk of an investment into account. This model is defined as: (e) Ellen thinks something else is wrong, but she can’t put her finger on it. Ellen could be thinking of another points, that the model is not adjusted for ‘styleShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurial Finance Assignment 12519 Words   |  11 PagesEntrepreneurial finance assignment 1 Problem 4.4. Introduction The CAPM model can be used to analyze the performance of a portfolio of investments. The model should be calculated by comparing the return of assets (Ri) minus the return of risk-free cash (Rf) of the fund against those numbers of a known index with historical data (Rm). With least-squares regression, a straight line has to be drawn through the points to finish the model. Alpha represents the point where the graph starts and betaRead MoreIncommendations1292 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic recommendations 4.3 The availability of finance support from the government The researcher suggests that government should provide support in terms of finance for the young people in order to develop Indonesia’s economy and encourage competition and innovation among the youth. The researcher recommends government to create a program that providing funds for impressive business plan from young entrepreneurs. This program should provide sufficient funds require for young entrepreneurs to startRead MoreWork capital simulation1130 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Working Capital Assignment This assignment is an individual assignment. Each student is required to complete two runs of the Working Capital Simulation. The simulation site is https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/20227364 (Cost: $12.50). Use the attached instructions to get started. Run 1: Complete the simulation on your own and with a credit limit of 3.2 M. Completion due date: Nov 17. Run 2: Complete the simulation with the help of my cash management tool and with a credit limitRead MoreDescription Of Local Tax System1105 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude: 1) income tax; 2) the profit tax; 3) value added tax; 4) excise tax; 5) taxes for the use of subsoil; 6) sales tax. State taxes and other revenues may be received in the Republican and local budgets. Assignments to local authorities shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Finance. Stability standards established by other laws of the Kyrgyz Republic. The Law On local self-government and local state administration States that the norms of deductions from national taxes should be installed 1 timeRead MoreAnalyzing Financial Statements Essay examples966 Words   |  4 Pages 1.11 Include the current ratio, long-term solvency ratio, contribution ratio, programs and expense ratio, general and management and expense ratio, fund-raising and expense ratio, and revenue and expense ratio calculated in the Week Four Assignment. 2002 Current Ratio: .75 Long Term Solvency Ratio: 1.26 Contribution Ratio: .53 Programs and expense ratio: 1.00 General/ management/expense ratio: .30 Revenue and Expense ratio:Read MoreAcer, Inc. – Taiwan’s Rampaging Dragon1432 Words   |  6 PagesMultitech International with a $25,000 initial investment. They started by designing hand-held electronic games, and then expanded into the distribution of imported semiconductors. Shih renamed his company Acer Inc. in 1981† (Net Industries, 2007. pg. 1). Acer began making PC clones and components that were sold to larger companies with strong brand names. In 1989 projections indicated the company was overextended. Shih hired Leonard Liu away from the International Business Corporation (IBM) and steppedRead MoreChapter 1 Assignment #1 Capt. 1 Exercises 14, 17, 20, 22, 23654 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment #1 Capt. 1 exercises 14, 17, 20, 22, 23 Assignment #1 Capt. 1 exercises 14, 17, 20, 22, 23 1-14 Gina Fox has started her own company, Foxy Shirts, which manufactures imprinted shirts for special occasions. Since she has just begun this operation, she rents the equipment from a local printing shop when necessary. The cost of using the equipment is $350. The materials used in one shirt cost $8, and Gina can sell these for $15 each. (a) If Gina sells 20 shirts, what will her totalRead MoreFinancial Ratios and Venture Investor Attractiveness1354 Words   |  6 PagesWEEK 1 HOMEWORK | Entrepreneurial Finance | Professor: Caryl Pedersen | | Roxanne Robinson | 5/12/2013 | Chapter 1: Exercises/Problem #1 pp.33-34 1. [Financing Concepts] The following ventures are at different stages in their life cycles. Identify the likely stage for each venture and describe the type of financing each venture is likely to be seeking and identify potential sources for that financing. A. Phil Young, founder of Pedal Pushers, has an idea forRead MoreReal Estate Investment And Capital Markets2412 Words   |  10 Pagespurchased with leverage. Real estate investment finance can come from a variety of sources that is lenders, bank or a finance company and be structured in many ways. Some successful investors, even those with the cash to cover their real estate investment cost completely, have made sizable purchases with minimum cash outlays sometime even with no cash. This is a technique known as Other People’s Money to make investments and profits. (Entrepreneurial-insights.com) Introduction Real estate is theRead MoreThe Core Dimensions Of Entrepreneurship2161 Words   |  9 Pagesentrepreneur however the primary theory development around entrepreneurial motivations has been to classify motivations into categories of push and pull factors (Segal et al. 2005). Push factors are external factors such as marriage break-up whereas the pull factors are those that attract people to start businesses if an opportunity comes along. SimVenture is a business game that aims to teach the basis of company management where the entrepreneurial skills are solicited in four function areas of sales

Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark Free Essays

Management and Leadership at CVS Caremark Michell McGill MGT/330 September 10th, 2012 Ed Robinson CVS Caremark is the largest pharmacy health care provider in the United States with integrated offerings across the entire spectrum of Pharmacy Care. CVS Caremark is a market leader in mail-order pharmacy, retail pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, and retail clinics and is a leading provider of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans. As one of the country’s largest pharmacy benefits managers (PBM’s) CVS Caremark provides access to a network of more than 65,000 pharmacies, including more than 7,3000 CVS/pharmacy stores that provide unparallel services and capabilities(â€Å"Recruiter contact information,† 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark or any similar topic only for you Order Now The size and components of the company CVS Caremark has implemented a leadership team comprised of talented and diverse leaders who’s abilities makes the company a leader among retail and specialty pharmacies in the United States. CVS Caremark divides the company into a Business Unit that consists of MinuteClinic, Pharmacy Benefit Management and Retail Pharmacy. Leadership, defined as influencing individual and group activities toward goal achievement. Executive leadership is a key component to the success of CVS Caremark. CVS Caremark fill many of their Executive Leadership opportunities from within, colleagues are offered development plans and encourage open dialog with colleagues and managers. Regular training and leadership development programs ensure that talent can be promoted from within the company. CVS Caremark employs Senior Executive Teams and department and line executives these positions are responsible for support and to work with teams that manage most of the major staff support functions (â€Å"Recruiter contact information,†2012). Management is described as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. At CVS Caremark there are several types of managers in the retail stores. There are district store managers, district pharmacy managers, store managers, shift managers, photo lab supervisors, pharmacy managers, lead pharmacy teach, minute clinic manager and each manager report to the store managers. The distribution center employs more managers as well as other departments. Roles and Responsibilities MinuteClinic are managed by nurse practitioner who offer services to treat minor health issues such as strep throat, and ear, eye, sinus, bladder, and bronchial infections. Others convince of the minute clinic is the ability to have several common vaccinations, flu shots, hepatitis A and B, tetanus, and pneumonia. The benefit to the customer is there are no appointment necessary and the practitioner specialist can diagnose and treat and write prescriptions, which can be filled immediately in the store pharmacy with little or no waiting. Other convient services are camp, sports, and college physicals on a daily walk in, no appointment necessary. Pharmacy Benefit Management is another business unit that assists the customers with managing their benefit, filing prescription by mail and in the retail setting. The services offered help the customer file insurance and fill his or her prescriptions. Services such as ready fill and 90 day supply of maintenance medications like blood pressure, asthma medication, birth control, etc. can be automatically refilled every month or 90 days according to their insurance plan. The benefit to the customs is that they do not have to file their insurance and be reimbursed by the insurance company. The prescriptions can be automatically refilled every month or every 90 days. CVS/pharmacy retail division is America’s leading retail pharmacy with more than 7,300 CVS/pharmacy and Longs Drug stores . Many of CVS/ pharmacies are open 24 hours, which is always a benefit to the customer who may have a late night trip to the ER. CVS/pharmacy offer personalized expertise, in the retail stores and online at CVS. com. This is a benefit to the elderly patients, they do not have to remember to call in their prescriptions, and they get a coursity phone call if the prescriptions are not picked up within two days after the fill. As people are living longer today the elderly many times do not have help maintaining their drugs or other needs and at time the responsibility can become overwhelming. Customers enjoy the convince to speak with a pharmacist about minor issues with their health or medications. Cot to cost every CVS/pharmacy offer prescription medications related health care products and other health products, such as first aid products, crutches, walkers for the elderly, bed pan, etc. There are 600 in-store minute clinics with more to come by 2016. The front store offer a wide variety of popular beauty supplies, health, and personal care brands, well stocked convince foods and a photo lab with one hour services and many other photo needs, seasonal aisle, and gift ideas and a large supply of cards for every occasions. CVS Caremark is in the United States, the company is launching a Spanish version of Caremark. com. CVS Caremark planes precipitations have access to most comprehensive Spanish-language Web site in PBM industry. The services provided will be the same services as English-speaking customers. While CVS Caremark offers great services and benefits to their employees, turnover can be a problem, due to some factors that stand out, According to Sam Walton of Wal-mart, â€Å"If you want to know where the problem is ask the front line†. The employees at CVS have several issues that if corrected the employees may be happier and offer better customer service. One issue is with the work environment, in retail pharmacy employees work an eight-hour shift and many days there is no breaks, no lunch, and many times no bathroom breaks. When dealing with customers who are sick and not feeling well, and all they want is to get their medicines and go home. The employees need to have a break from the crazy fast pace of the frontline. This would take care of the bathroom problem. While the management does not tell employees not to take a break, they also do not make taking break easy. As for a lunch break, employees can have food in the store but many times some stores may fill 800 to a 1,000 prescriptions a day. This leaves little time to eat or anything else. If employees had a break and a little time to eat, service with a smile, is more likely. Another employee issue is the work schedule, no set schedules are , most store employees including managers are required to work two- day shifts and two evening or night shifts and every other weekend. If the store is open 24 hours the last shift get off around 11:00 p. m. . . The 24- hour stores never close for anything, rain sleet or snow. If CVS Caremark would look at these couple of problems the service would improve, the customers would be happier. Customers can at times wait 30 minutes to an hour for their prescriptions. Employee who are exhausted and hungry and need to go to the restroom are less likely to provide great customer service. CVS Caremark management is always looking for ways to improve their service at the store level. There are weekly phone conferences for the management team, the pharmacist, the technicians, and the minutecilnic, and retail front store. To discuss the monthly service goals and what need to be completed to improve the service for the months to come. The district managers need to be in the store more often and the management need to take better care of their employees on a daily bases and management will see a change in customer service scores. References: Recruiter contact information. (2012). Retrieved from http://info. cvscaremark. com How to cite Management and Leadership at Cvs Caremark, Papers

Women In Greek Myths Essay Example For Students

Women In Greek Myths Essay Greek MythsFebruary 18, 1997Dear Rebecca,I am writing to you today to tell you about a few wonderful myths that Ihave read. I feel that they would interest you as much as they did me. Iwill give you a brief summary on each so that they will be a little morefamiliar to you if you decide to read them at some time in the future. The first story I read was the tale of Hermes. Born on Mount Cylleneto his mother Maia, Hermes was an astonishing child. His growth was equallyastonishing for he grew at a rapid rate. Deciding he wanted an adventure,Hermes set out one day and stole a herd of cows from Apollo, the sun god. When Apollo discovered the missing herd, he set out to find them but tono avail. Hearing of a reward offered by Apollo for the recovery of the herd,Silenus and his satyrs set out as well. Traveling far and wide their journeysbrought them to a small cave, which echoed with the beautiful muffled sounds ofa melody to which they were drawn. When finding out the music was produced byan instrument made of cow gut and tortoise shell, it was then understood thatyoung Hermes had taken the herd from Apollo. Formal charges were brought to Mt. We will write a custom essay on Women In Greek Myths specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Olympus. Apollo, while going to get his remaining cows discovered Hermesmusical invention. Intrigued by this astonishing invention he offered hiswhole flock for the musical instrument. Hermes agreed, after which he inventeda shepherds pipe, which also awed Apollo. He offered Hermes his golden staffin exchange for the pipe but to no avail. In addition to the golden staffHermes wanted the knowledge of augury. He felt it was a useful art. Hermesreturned to Mt. Olympus to tell his father, Zeus, of all goings on. Zeus wasvery amused. Hermes suggested to Zeus that he be made into a herald. Zeuscomplied with this suggestion and showered Hermes with gifts. Sounds like an interesting tale, doesnt it. Well it is much better ifyou read it yourself. The next tale I read was of Krishna. This one storywas the most confusing of the four I read. To fully understand it you mustread it and interpret it for yourself. I will try to do the best I can. Rama and Krsna were two children who loved to play in the village. First they crawled and then they walked causing the village women to laugh andgiving them great pleasure. Then Krsna started to untie the cows atinappropriate times and steal milk and curds. Krsnas mother was unable toscold him after looking at the childs frightened face. She could only smile. One day a report came to her that Krsna had eaten dirt. She could not take itanymore and grabbed his hand and began to scold him. Krsna swore he had noteaten dirt and to prove this opened his mouth for his mother to peer inside. While looking into her childs mouth she saw everything that was in the world. She saw all forms of life and time, she saw actions and hopes, her own villageand herself. In the winter a group of girls celebrating vows to the goddessKatayayani went to the river, took off their clothes and chanted to Krsna. Krsna appeared and told them to take their clothes and go back to the village. When hearing the divine word from him the girls felt they had obtained what theywanted and returned to the village under Krshnas command. To fully understandthis story it is necessary to read it yourself and indulge in the vocabulary andtrickster ways, which Krshna had shown. The next tale that I would like to sharewith you is the tale of Old Man Coyote. I hope this story intrigues you as itdid me. This story told of a poor old coyote that wished he could renew hisyouth and vibrancy. One day he spotted a strong proud buffalo. He knew thatthis animal could help him so he went to ask the buffalo for his assistance. .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .postImageUrl , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:visited , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:active { border:0!important; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:active , .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905 .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u347a0991d566784d93466e7ed600c905:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advantages Of Accounting Standards And Principles Accounting EssayThe buffalo said that he could make the old man coyote young and strong butcould not restore his powers. Thankfully the coyote agreed to the buffalosconditions and the process began. Once the coyote was transformed into ayouthful buffalo the old man coyote began his youthful days of fun. One day,four years later another old coyote limped toward the buffalo. This time thebuffalo was the transformed coyote. The old coyote asked for the buffalo tohelp him in his elderly days and transform him into a young buffalo as well. Forgetting that he had no powers the old transformed coyote offered his servicesand said that he knew how to help him. He led the old coyote to the same hillthat he used four years ago. Following all the steps in which he had beentransformed the buffalo tried to transform the old coyote. The result of thiswas that the buffalo had become his old coyote self once more. This storyproved that if you start something it is always good to finish or the product isnot as good as the real thing. This story was much simpler to read then thestory of Krsna. The last tale I read concerned Legba, of the Fon tribe. Thistale had four different sections, the first two describe why God lives in heavenand not on Earth. The second two describe the oracles connection with God. The first section involves Legba. The tale explains how Legba and God livedtogether on Earth. God would blame all the mishaps on Legba. Yet wheneversomething good happened God would take the credit. One day Legba slipped intoGods sandals and stole the five yams which were growing in Gods garden. Sincethe rain had left the ground wet, the sandals left clear footprints in theground so the next morning they were still there. God brought everyone over tosee who fit the footprints. Legba offered the idea that maybe God had taken theyams in his sleep, so God put his foot in the print and saw that it was aperfect fit. All the people could not believe God could do this and even thoughGod blamed his son for this act, he still moved off of the Earth leaving Legbato report the doing of the people on the Earth. The second tale tells how Legba asked an old woman to throw her dirtylaundry water in to the air, as God got tired of getting hit in the face withdirty water he left Legba to see over the Earth. The other two parts of this tale explain how God watched over the Earth. One idea that has been reported is that Legba is associated with Fa. Fa livedon top of a palm tree and every day Legba would come and open his eyes. SinceFa did not like to convey his wishes out loud he would throw one palm nut downif he wanted two eyes open and two palm nuts if he wanted one eye open. Thiswas done so that Fa could look over the world. Now that I have explained about these stories I have read, I hope yousee the pattern that they are all connected by. They are all tales having to dowith tricksters. Each story conveys a different characteristic that a tricksterdisplays. In the story of Hermes, the characteristic displayed is cunning. Using his talents, Hermes avoided trouble and received not only respect andpromotion but also gifts from the people that he had stolen from. In the tale of Krsna, the mother allowed the boy to get away with hisevil deeds because of his divine powers. A perfect example of this divinityoccurred when he opened his mouth and the mother could see the whole universe. .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .postImageUrl , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:visited , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:active { border:0!important; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:active , .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5 .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1310f85e58026ae7be130747983ba6d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theodore Roosevelt EssayThis example is the divinity inherent in the trickster. In the tale of the old man coyote the characteristic displayed isunmerited kindness. This is demonstrated by the transformed coyote giving uphis youth to help another. Even though he did this unwittingly he did not haveto try to help the second coyote. The last tale showed the trickster framing another so that he couldescape Gods constant attention, and also so that he would gain the respect thathe felt he deserved. This demonstrates the characteristic of guile. In allthese stories the trickster does show a good heart but also a cunning side whichis primarily what makes him what he is and what he is infamous for. I hope my letter has brought a little insight to the subject oftricksters. Also, I hope my summaries have made you interested in reading thestories in whole at your leisure. Yours truly,

Free Essays on Hinduism Intro

Statistically, there are over 700 million Hindus, mainly in Bharat (India), and Nepal. Hinduism is referred to as Sanatana Dharma, the eternal faith. Hinduism is not strictly a religion. It is based on the practice of Dharma, the code of life. A detailed explanation of Hindu texts are found in Veda page and the links pointed to from there. Since Hinduism has no founder, anyone who practices Dharma can call himself a Hindu. He can question the authority of any scripture, or even the existence of the Divine. The following article is based on my limited understanding. While religion means to bind, Dharma means to hold. What man holds on to is his inner law, which leads from ignorance to Truth. Though reading of the scriptures (shastras) would not directly lead you to self-realization, the teachings of the seers provide a basis and a path for spirituality. Despite being the oldest religion, the truth realized by the seers prove that the Truth and path provided by Hinduism is beyond time. Hindu Scriptures are broadly classified into Shruti (meaning 'heard'), Smriti (meaning 'remembered') and nyaya (meaning 'logic') based on its origin not on the mode of transmission. Therefore, shruti means something which were heard (directly from the Gods) by the sages while smriti refers to what was written down and remembered. shruti is considered more authoritative than smriti because the former is believed to have been obtained directly from God by the spiritual experiences of vedic seers and has no interpretations. Vedas constitute the shruti while the rest including Itihaasa-s (epics), PuraaNa-s (moral stories), and Agamas (emanated scriptures) are known as smriti while Vedanta-sutras (vedanta aphorisms) are classified as Nyaya. smriti and Nyaya always agrees with shruti. The oldest and foremost among them are the Vedas. The vedas are called shruti and stems from the inner spiritual experience of the ancient seers. Hindus believe that Vedas... Free Essays on Hinduism Intro Free Essays on Hinduism Intro Statistically, there are over 700 million Hindus, mainly in Bharat (India), and Nepal. Hinduism is referred to as Sanatana Dharma, the eternal faith. Hinduism is not strictly a religion. It is based on the practice of Dharma, the code of life. A detailed explanation of Hindu texts are found in Veda page and the links pointed to from there. Since Hinduism has no founder, anyone who practices Dharma can call himself a Hindu. He can question the authority of any scripture, or even the existence of the Divine. The following article is based on my limited understanding. While religion means to bind, Dharma means to hold. What man holds on to is his inner law, which leads from ignorance to Truth. Though reading of the scriptures (shastras) would not directly lead you to self-realization, the teachings of the seers provide a basis and a path for spirituality. Despite being the oldest religion, the truth realized by the seers prove that the Truth and path provided by Hinduism is beyond time. Hindu Scriptures are broadly classified into Shruti (meaning 'heard'), Smriti (meaning 'remembered') and nyaya (meaning 'logic') based on its origin not on the mode of transmission. Therefore, shruti means something which were heard (directly from the Gods) by the sages while smriti refers to what was written down and remembered. shruti is considered more authoritative than smriti because the former is believed to have been obtained directly from God by the spiritual experiences of vedic seers and has no interpretations. Vedas constitute the shruti while the rest including Itihaasa-s (epics), PuraaNa-s (moral stories), and Agamas (emanated scriptures) are known as smriti while Vedanta-sutras (vedanta aphorisms) are classified as Nyaya. smriti and Nyaya always agrees with shruti. The oldest and foremost among them are the Vedas. The vedas are called shruti and stems from the inner spiritual experience of the ancient seers. Hindus believe that Vedas...

Definition and Examples of Copyediting in English

Definition and Examples of Copyediting in English Copyediting is the process of correcting errors in a text and making it conform to an editorial style (also called house style), which includes spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. A person who prepares a text for publication by performing these tasks is called a copy editor (or in Britain, a sub editor). Alternate Spellings:  copy editing, copy-editing Aims and Kinds of Copyediting The main aims of copy-editing are to remove any obstacles between the reader and what the author wants to convey and to find and solve any problems before the book goes to the typesetter, so that production can go ahead without interruption or unnecessary expense. . . . There are various kinds of editing.   Substantive editing  aims to improve the overall coverage and presentation of a piece of writing, its content, scope,  level  and organization. . . .Detailed editing for sense  is concerned with whether each section expresses the authors meaning clearly, without gaps and contradictions.Checking for consistency  is a mechanical but important task. . . . It involves checking such things as spelling and the use of single or double quotes, either according to a house style or according to the authors own style. . . .Copy-editing usually consists of 2 and 3, plus 4 below.Clear presentation of the material for the typesetter  involves making sure that it is complete and that all the parts are clearly identified. (Judith Butcher, Caroline Drake, and Maureen Leach, Butchers Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders. Cambridge University Press, 2006) How Its Spelled Copyeditor and copyediting have a curious history. Random House is my authority for using the one-word form. But Websters agrees with Oxford on copy editor, although Websters favors copyedit as a verb. They both sanction copyreader and copywriter, with verbs to match. (Elsie Myers Stainton, The Fine Art of Copyediting. Columbia University Press, 2002) The Work of Copy Editors Copy editors are the final gatekeepers before an article reaches you, the reader. To start with, they want to be sure that the spelling and grammar are correct, following our [New York Times] stylebook, of course. . . . They have great instincts for sniffing out suspicious or incorrect facts or things that just dont make sense in context. They are also our final line of protection against libel, unfairness and imbalance in an article. If they stumble over anything, theyre going to work with the writer or the assigning editor (we call them backfield editors) to make adjustments so you dont stumble. That often involves intensive substantive work on an article. In addition, copy editors write the headlines, captions and other display elements for the articles, edit the article for the space available to it (that usually means trims, for the printed paper) and read the proofs of the printed pages in case something slipped by. (Merrill Perlman, Talk to the Newsroom. The New York Times, Ma r. 6, 2007) Julian Barnes on the Style Police For five years in the 1990s, British novelist and essayist  Julian Barnes  served as the London correspondent for  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The New Yorker magazine. In the preface to  Letters From London, Barnes describes how his essays were meticulously clipped and styled by editors and fact-checkers at the magazine. Here he reports on the activities of the anonymous  copy editors, whom he calls  the style police. Writing for  The New Yorker  means, famously, being edited by  The New Yorker: an immensely civilized, attentive and beneficial process which tends to drive you crazy. It begins with the department known, not always affectionately, as the style police. These are the stern puritans who look at one of your sentences and instead of seeing, as you do, a joyful fusion of truth, beauty, rhythm, and wit, discover only a doltish wreckage of capsized grammar. Silently, they do their best to protect you from yourself. You emit muted gargles of protest and attempt to restore your original text. A new set of proofs arrives, and occasionally you will have been graciously permitted a single laxity; but if so, you will also find that a further grammatical delinquency has been corrected. The fact that you never get to talk to the style police, while they retain the power of intervention in your text at any time, makes them seem the more menacing. I used to imagine them sitting in their office with nightsticks and manacles dangling from the walls, swapping satirical and unforgiving opinions of  New Yorker  writers. Guess how many infinitives that Limeys split  this  time? Actually, they are less unbending than I make them sound, and even acknowledge how useful it may be to occasionally split an infinitive. My own particular weakness is a refusal to learn the difference between  which  and  that. I know theres some rule, to do with individuality versus category or something, but I have my ow n rule, which goes like this (or should it be that goes like this?dont ask me): if youve already got a  that  doing business in the vicinity, use  which  instead. I dont think I ever converted the style police to this working principle. (Julian Barnes, Letters From London. Vintage, 1995)   The Decline of Copyediting The brutal fact is that American newspapers, coping with drastically shrinking revenue, have drastically reduced the levels of editing, with a concomitant increase in errors, slipshod writing, and other defects. Copy editing, in particular, was seen at the corporate level as a cost center, an expensive frill, money wasted on people obsessing with commas. Copy desk staffs have been decimated, more than once, or eliminated outright with the work transferred to distant hubs, where, unlike Cheers, nobody knows your name. (John McIntyre, Gag Me With a Copy Editor. The Baltimore Sun, January 9, 2012)

Resolution of disputes by subcontractors through arbitration in FIDIC Dissertation

Resolution of disputes by subcontractors through arbitration in FIDIC construction - Dissertation Example If there is any delay beyond the deadline, it may cause financial losses to the employer and hence, he may claim damages from the contractor for the losses suffered due to late completion of the construction project. To avoid this , most of the construction contract forms will include a provision for the parties to the contract to agree upon on monthly or weekly or on a daily basis for delay due to the contactor which is known as liquidated and ascertained damages .(LAD). The main objective of LADs is to notify the employer’s prerogative to claim damages for the infringement of a condition by a contractor to finish the work within the deadline1. Unprecedented scenarios are unavoidable element of every construction contract. ... ld† (â€Å"D & B†) or an EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contract, which is a contractual arrangement thereby imposing the entire accountability for construction and design of the work on a contractor. The phrase â€Å"turnkey â€Å"refers that after the finishing up the work, the contractor is only hand over the key to the owner or the employer to start the operations of the constructed project2. Delays in construction contracts can be classified as excusable or non-excusable. Excusable delay means a delay which may justify an prolongation of performance of contract’s time and some examples of excusable delays are unpredictable weather, changes initiated by the employer, issues with the project designs, acts of god, delays in receiving equipments, which is supplied by the owner, varying or differing work-site conditions, delay due to awarding of contract and labour disputes. If the main contractor is eligible to claim time extension due to unpre dictable weather conditions, subcontractor may be also eligible to claim time extension if the subcontract contains a â€Å"flow down† clause thereby obligating the conditions in the main contract which is automatically applicable to the subcontract also and as it includes an analogues excusable delay provisions3. Under the non-excusable delay, the contractor bears the risk of outcome and cost, not only for himself but also for the resulting effect on the others like subcontractors also. Due to mismanagement, a main contractor may encounter delays, which will also the delay the work done by the subcontractor. In such cases, the main contractor may be accountable to the subcontractors but not to the employer. The notion of non-excusable delay is employed chiefly as a shield to turn down the request for claims for

Hydrogen bonding and drug designs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hydrogen bonding and drug designs - Term Paper Example Hydrogen bonding and drug designs The extent of solubility of a solute depends on its hydrophilic nature. A molecule is more soluble if it can form numerous hydrogen bonds with its water solvent.1 Hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic regions of the binding site of a ligand and its lipophilic surfaces are important predictors of its interactions in a biological system, which may affect water solubility to such an extent that may even result in unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.2 It is thus evident that the number of hydrogen bonds made by a drug is an important determinant of its solubility, and ultimately, its bioavailability and effectiveness in a living system. This paper reviews three studies on the hydrogen bonding properties of drugs in an attempt to investigate the utility of hydrogen bonding studies in drug solubility prediction and drug design. Methodology The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of hydrogen bonding on the molecular properties of drugs dissolved in water. Additionally, other aspects of the role of hydrogen bonding in drug design will also be dealt with. For the purpose of this review, studies relevant to the aims of this paper were searched via Google Scholar. Three most relevant studies were chosen based on the correlation of their subject of study and the aims of this paper. Results The first study assessed the impact of hydrogen bonding on molecular properties, namely Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra, of three drug molecules (caffeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen) dissolved in water.... ssolved in water.3 The second study investigated various computational and experimental models for the prediction of aqueous drug solubility.4 The third study presented a theoretical calculation of the strength of hydrogen bonding of drug molecules. The findings of these studies are systematically reviewed here. As the first study3 investigated changes in spectra upon dissolution of drugs in water, a frequency calculation was done for three drug molecules (caffeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen) in both gas phase and aqueous solution. IR and Raman spectra of the molecules were analyzed to investigate the influence of both long and short-range interactions on spectral intensity and vibrational frequency. The investigated frequencies were divided into three regions, namely – high, middle and low frequencies. Four different calculations were carried out. The first two calculations began with gas phase geometry optimization followed by calculation of IR and Raman frequencies in the gas phase (GS) and in PCM (Polarized continuum model) using water as solvent. The last two calculations were also done in two stages – geometry optimization with the water molecules located where they are assumed to form hydrogen bonds, followed by calculation of IR and Raman frequencies with and without polarized dielectric continuum. The structures of the three drug molecules with hydrogen-bonded water are shown in figures 1, 2 & 3. Figure 1 — Structure of aspirin hydrogen bonded to water molecules Figure 2 — Structure of caffeine hydrogen bonded to water molecules Figure 3 — Structure of Ibuprofen hydrogen bonded to water molecules In case of caffeine, there was a very small IR absorbance in the high frequency region except for peaks of higher absorbance indicating presence of OH bonds in

Christopher Columbus: The Villain Essay -- Christopher Columbus Essays

The letter Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain to report his findings in the New World sparked intrigued me and sparked my imagination. Why I have been so absorbed in this letter I can not explain. This letter is supposed to be about describing an unknown land, a land that has not been seen by anyone besides the natives, but it seems that there is more to it than that. Columbus is known in elementary schools as the man who found the New World, and is regarded as a hero. To the contrary, historians who have done more research on Columbus say that he was driven by fame and fortune and that he was tyrannical in his ways with the indigenous peoples of the places that he came to find. I feel that the contradictory tones Columbus uses gives this letter an eerie feel, and Columbus’s eventual desire to take over the indigenous peoples brings doubt on his reliability as an accurate and fair eyewitness. Columbus begins this letter to Luis De Sant Angel by saying how fortunate he was to find these great islands. Right away, before even describing his findings, he thanks the king and queen and begins to explain how he named the islands he discovered. Everyone knows that the king and queen gave Columbus those ships, yet he wanted to recognize them for some reason. I think that he wanted the king and queen to feel as if they themselves discovered the islands, not him. Whether it was out of fear, or out of respect, Columbus really gave them credit. So much tribute was given that the first island they discovered, Columbus named San Salvador, commemorating the king. He seemed like he really wanted to give credit to everyone that may have had a hand in this voyage, especially the king and queen, who financially supported this expedition. Contrary to what historians believe about Columbus, he was very humble and giving in the naming of these islands. Keeping with the standard tone of the Spa nish monarchial society, he named these islands for the wisdom and greatness of the monarchs. Columbus then went on to describe the natives, whom he called â€Å"Indians†. He made it clear that there were many people, and even used the word, â€Å"innumerable† on several occasions. One of the more disturbing lines to me was in the beginning of the letter, â€Å"I have heard from other Indians I have already taken that this land was and island†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Columbus goes on to explain how he explored the islan... ... this man, and call him your brother? I am pretty sure that the leader of this town is not going to embrace the man who has tyrannically taken over your people. I believe that the king calling Columbus his brother is a fictional embellishment to the story, or that the king of this town was so afraid for his people’s lives that he did not put up a fight. During the whole course of the letter, Columbus beat around the bush and was not upfront with their true intentions of the voyage. He speaks of gold, he speaks of quarreling, but whenever these subjects came up, Columbus quickly changes the subject to a lighter matter. Based on much of the fine print, much of the things that he did not realize what he was writing, and by reading in between the lines of this letter, I saw much more than what was just written. The strayed away from the fact that he was tyrannically taking over the indigenous peoples of this land, even though it was so apparent that he in fact was. Because of this information that we now know about Columbus’s tyrannical ways, was hard for me to read this letter and still believe in Columbus’s integrity as an eyewitness for describing the events on at this New World.

Leadership Quality of Kumar Mangalam Birla Essay

Are we doing everything we can to help people be the best they can be? † asked Birla in the Q203 issue of The Smart Manager. The question is close to his heart. Since he took over the reins at the Birla Group he has focused on fine tuning the group’s talent pool. If this meant taking hard decisions Birla did not shy away. More than 350 senior managers left the group. Some through natural attrition, others through counseling, leaving space for new faces and new talent. Management means attracting talented people, nurturing them, developing them, and giving them space,† asserts Birla, â€Å"decisions need to be made at every level and decisions need to be quick. So, we have to spot, incubate and groom talent at every level of the organization, because more people need to be making high quality decisions. † To build this culture in the group, Birla has created a system based on meritocracy. His HR initiatives fall under three broad heads: learning and relearning, performance management and organizational renewal. For example Gyanodaya, the group’s learning center falls in the first category. It helps in the transfer of best practices across group companies thus sharpening the group’s competitive edge. The training calendar is accessible to employees via Aditya Disha, the group wide intranet, and the teaching programs consist of a mix of classroom, outreach, and e-learning initiatives. Birla has also instituted The Organisational Health Survey (OHS) which tracks the satisfaction levels of 8,670 managers across the group. A direct result of such initiatives is that today his brand as an employer has enhanced significantly, allowing Birla to access to some of the best minds and talent available in the country. The group is considered among the top 20 preferred employers in Asia. For performance management Birla instituted the Aditya Birla Sun awards an annual internal awards system. Here each group company makes an open presentation on their successes and failures to a group of 400 managers drawn from different group businesses. This leads to information sharing and also encourages healthy competition in the group. Birla believes that star performers need appreciation and recognition. â€Å"It is very important for people who are doing well to be told they are doing well,† he says. He insists that performance levels jump considerably higher after a person/team receives an award. The Aditya Birla award is for teams while the chairman’s award is for individuals. A group company that has won numerous such awards is Hindalco. Birla has transformed Hindalco into a globally competitive non-ferrous metals company. The first step was to merge the copper division of Indo Gulf with Hindalco unifying the group’s non-ferrous metals business under one company with 40% market share. He acquired 74. 6 % equity stake in Indal for Rs 10 bn to make it a wholly owned subsidiary of Hindalco. This made him the largest producer of aluminum in India and today Hindalco-Indal command a 70% market share. Having made Hindalco competitive now Birla is pursuing market growth. He recently entered the Rs 2. 50 bn branded foil market. Within a year of launch Hindalco captured a 40% market share and put a robust distribution in place. Last year Hindalco launched of as many as five branded products. The launch of â€Å"Aura† Alloy Wheels in early 2002, uniquely positioned as â€Å"dress code for your car†, was followed by the launch of its kitchen utility range – Freshwrapp aluminium foil and Freshpakk semi-rigid containers, and Everlast roofing sheets. Hindalco also introduced â€Å"Al Planet†, a unique exhibition format highlighting products from the secondary aluminium industry. For organic growth Birla has embarked on an Rs18 bn brownfield expansion at Hindalco’s integrated complex in Renukoot to increase aluminum metal capacity from 100,000 TPA to 342,000 TPA. This will ensure Hindalco’s leadership position in the domestic market and improve its export markets as well. But while Birla was revamping Hindalco, a move towards untangling the cross-holdings among group companies, a legacy of the ‘licence raj’, was also initiated. He unified his diverse companies under the Aditya Birla Group head. â€Å"If one were to encapsulate it (the group strategy) in a single word – the dominant strategic theme over the past four years has been consolidation,† says Birla. The process was threefold. Birla rearranged the companies, consolidated market presence in the different industries and then went on an acquisition spree to further strengthen leadership position. The result is a streamlined group with all aluminium companies merged under Hindalco, cement companies under Grasim, copper companies under Birla Copper and textiles and garments under Indian Rayon. Losing some of its loss making divisions also made Indo Gulf a debt free fertilizer company. In the process the group’s revenues have risen from Rs 72 bn to Rs 270 bn in eight years. â€Å"Our strategy dictates that we get out of businesses where we are bit players and strengthen the businesses where we have clear competencies, so that we get to the top of the league or consolidate our position there, as the case may be. This leads to a sharper and tighter business portfolio with our firepower being better targeted,† says Birla. Birla began with Grasim in 1995. His first step was to move the cement division of Indian Rayon to Grasim, thereby integrating the cement holdings within the group. Then in 2003 he acquired the cement division of Larsen & Toubro for Rs 22 bn increasing Grasim’s total capacity to 31 MTPY. Today Grasim is the largest producer of cement in India and the seventh largest in the world. Similarly the copper division of Indo Gulf was divested and incorporated into Birla Copper. Then Birla increased the smelter capacity of Birla Copper from 100,00 to 150,00 MTPY and acquired two copper mines in Australia. Birla has been nicknamed the ‘non-ferrous general’ by the industry: his aluminium, copper, and carbon black units are ranked among the top three in their respective segments. Indian Rayon also saw dramatic changes in portfolio. Its cement division was demerged. Then it acquired Madura Garments, the apparels and garments division of Madura Coats for Rs 2. 6 bn in January 2000. This takeover gave Indian Rayon ownership of prominent brands — Louis Philippe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly, Byford, Peter England and San Frisco. This marked a dramatic change in focus for the commodity based group. Though a major player in textiles, Birla had not been able to impact the branded menswear market. Building brands from scratch takes time as well as money, and the easiest way was to acquire an established one. â€Å"The apparels business is one in which we want a leadership position. We will make a focused entry into the high-value, ready-to-wear segment. This acquisition as well as the acquisition of certain overseas brand rights has catapulted the group to the top of the league in the branded apparels market,† says Birla. Today after a long period of negative growth Madura Garments has reported a 14. % increase in revenues. As a part of the restructuring process he sold Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals to ONGC. â€Å"The exit from MRPL indicates our firm resolve to rationalized the Group’s portfolio of businesses with a view on the future, and also bears testimony of our commitment to a key group of stakeholders: our lenders,† says Birla. The other major restructuring at Indian Rayon was demerging the insulator business into a new JV with Japanese company NGK to sustain leadership position and to acquire a global marketing network for the insulator business. The consolidation initiative has allowed each company to emerge with a stronger balance sheet. The three largest companies in the group, Grasim, Hindalco, Indian Rayon, turned in a cumulative net profit of Rs 10. 55 bn in FY03, a jump of 2. 1% from FY02. Their combined sales increased to Rs 110. 45 bn in FY03, an increase of 36% over the previous year. The group’s overall revenues touched Rs 2,700 bn. Management style Birla is his father’s son, but he has gradually developed his own personal management style. Commonalities include performance orientation, a strict eye for detail, close attention to budgets. Differences include more informal interaction with managers from top to bottom; a greater gap between personal and office life; and a strong emphasis on financial performance. For example he has replaced the old Parta system, which focused only on production with the Cash Value Added method, which emphasizes profitability, asset productivity and growth. Birla is a firm believer in meritocracy. In his father’s time, there were several marwaris in top management. Today there are plenty of non-marwaris. He places a lot of emphasis on HR and hired Santrupt Mishra from Hindustan Lever to spearhead the groups HR initiatives. A 360 degree feedback program that allows managers to question even Birlas own leadership style and does away with the ‘babu culture’ prevalent in the group. But while on one hand Birla nurtures employees, on the other he is very careful about performance measures. Birla is equally adamant about strict adherence to policies and procedures that have been discussed and approved. For example he introduced a retirement policy, similar to the one Ratan Tata introduced over at the Tata  Group. While a cresendo of unhappiness was heard at Bombay House, peaceful silence reigned at Industry House. At Lever House, no doubt Vindi Banga is closely watching these events. Birla’s retirement policy saw 325 senior executives, between the ages of 62 and 65, step down after years of service. Though the policy was drafted in 2001, he took a year to implement. He then hired 190 young executives to infuse fresh and out of the box thinking in the group. â€Å"I think its been one of the most important decisions I’ve had to make,† says Birla. People skills are Birla’s biggest strength. He has the ability to get on with both the old guard and the new turks. Soft spoken and insistent Birla likes to be directly involved. For example he sends individual notes to employees regarding their performance. Debu Bhattacharya currently the managing director of Hindalco and another former Hindustan Lever employee says, â€Å"it won’t be an exaggeration to say that I joined this group because of Mr Birla. For somebody who is from a highly respected MNC in the country, going to an Indian business house, I had a lot of reservations. My reservations came from that perception of the group. But I was so overawed with his simplicity, his genuineness, and his ability to explain simple things without trying to sell the job. If I had to take that decision all over again I’d do the same. † For all this Kumar is a low profile person, with a sense of humor and the rare ability to laugh at himself. This ease spills into his business relationships. For example the stalemate between the houses of Tata and Birla is now history. Ratan Tata recently invited Birla to join the board of Tata Steel, and Birla just as easily accepted.

Mexican Folk Songs Or Corridos - 1468 Words

Mexican folk songs or corridos have encounter great change over the years. Some of the changes of corridos can be credited to the different culture we live in now. Corridos in the past have been about the Mexican-American War, but most recently corridos began to be about life struggles such as immigration and the violent drug war. While the topics of corridos have changed over the years, corridos keep a familiar format with focusing on key issues of oppression, daily life, and socially relevant events. In addition, corridos may help spread attention to events going around society that has not been brought up in the media. This at time may be informative or controversial depending on what the artist feel like talking about. Corridos try be about current issues to stay revelate in the music industry. Corridos have a huge following in Mexico because of its strong roots. Its speculated that corridos originated during the Mexican-American war to narrate the battles and war generals of tho se wars. Much has changed since that Mexican-American war era, but one thing still remains and that the popularity of corridos. Although corridos have much of the same structure as the past, they have changed in a great deal because of the different trends going on in society Moreover, corridos are known for their style of play. They’re frequently played in conjuntos or bands. Corridos in addition can be played by separate groups such as mariachie and tejeano. The instruments used to playShow MoreRelatedMexican American Corridos And African American Badman Ballads1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthat exist in the Mexican-American corridos and African-American badman ballads are two distinct personas that reflect different yet somewhat similar stories. 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